Etnografía multisituada, etnografía digital: reflexiones acerca de la extensión del campo y la reflexividad

In this work I develop a reflection on the idea of Multisited Ethnography proposed by George Marcus and I suggest extending it to the digital world. Research is based on a field experience conducted between 2003 and 2008 in order to understand the modalities of identity politics of Mapuche activists in Argentina and Chile. The first step in the research was to find in the internet the enunciation of Mapuche identity politics, analyze and interpret texts , images and sound. I identified the media practices and participated as part of the audience, I also witnessed the articulation of a collective group in an imaginary unity. Later on, I found a way to follow the activists in the global community and access some events organized by them. With the material found on the web, the marks of the militants´ presence in global sanctuaries, co-productions and alliances with ecological and human rights networks and my own field records I formed a constellation of support points to account for the articulation between the global and the local with the specificity it has achieved in the construction of the cultural activists.  En este trabajo desarrollo una reflexión en torno a la idea de Etnografía Multisituada propuesta por George Marcus y planteo su extensión al mundo digital sobre la base de una experiencia de campo realizada entre 2003 y 2008 para comprender las modalidades de hacer política de identidad de activistas Mapuche en la Argentina y en Chile. El primer paso de la investigación fue reconocer en Internet un lugar de enunciación de las políticas de identidad Mapuche, y analizar e interpretar ese corpus de texto, imagen y sonido. Identifiqué en esa instancia las prácticas mediáticas y participé como audiencia, testigo de la articulación de un colectivo constitutivamente múltiple en una unidad imaginaria. Luego, en una segunda instancia y para no quedar encerrado en la cultura web, encontré una manera de seguir a las y los activistas por la aldea global y de acceder a algunos de los eventos que organizaron. Con el material depositado en la web, las marcas de la presencia de los y las militantes en santuarios globales, las coproducciones y alianzas con las redes ecologistas y de derechos humanos, y mis propios registros de campo, conformé una constelación de puntos de apoyo para dar cuenta de la articulación entre lo global y lo local, con la especificidad que ésta ha asumido en la construcción de los y las activistas culturales.   Abstract Multisited ethnography, digital ethnography: reflextions about the extensions of fielworkd and reflexivity In this work I develop a reflection on the idea of Multisited Ethnography proposed by George Marcus and I suggest extending it to the digital world. Research is based on a field experience conducted between 2003 and 2008 in order to understand the modalities of identity politics of Mapuche activists in Argentina and Chile. The first step in the research was to find in the internet the enunciation of Mapuche identity politics, analyze and interpret texts , images and sound. I identified the media practices and participated as part of the audience, I also witnessed the articulation of a collective group in an imaginary unity. Later on, I found a way to follow the activists in the global community and access some events organized by them. With the material found on the web, the marks of the militants´ presence in global sanctuaries, co-productions and alliances with ecological and human rights networks and my own field records I formed a constellation of support points to account for the articulation between the global and the local with the specificity it has achieved in the construction of the cultural activists. Keywords: multi-site ethnography, digital ethnography, research design

Etnografía multisituada, etnografía digital: reflexiones acerca de la extensión del campo y la reflexividad

In this work I develop a reflection on the idea of Multisited Ethnography proposed by George Marcus and I suggest extending it to the digital world. Research is based on a field experience conducted between 2003 and 2008 in order to understand the modalities of identity politics of Mapuche activists in Argentina and Chile. The first step in the research was to find in the internet the enunciation of Mapuche identity politics, analyze and interpret texts , images and sound. I identified the media practices and participated as part of the audience, I also witnessed the articulation of a collective group in an imaginary unity. Later on, I found a way to follow the activists in the global community and access some events organized by them. With the material found on the web, the marks of the militants´ presence in global sanctuaries, co-productions and alliances with ecological and human rights networks and my own field records I formed a constellation of support points to account for the articulation between the global and the local with the specificity it has achieved in the construction of the cultural activists.  En este trabajo desarrollo una reflexión en torno a la idea de Etnografía Multisituada propuesta por George Marcus y planteo su extensión al mundo digital sobre la base de una experiencia de campo realizada entre 2003 y 2008 para comprender las modalidades de hacer política de identidad de activistas Mapuche en la Argentina y en Chile. El primer paso de la investigación fue reconocer en Internet un lugar de enunciación de las políticas de identidad Mapuche, y analizar e interpretar ese corpus de texto, imagen y sonido. Identifiqué en esa instancia las prácticas mediáticas y participé como audiencia, testigo de la articulación de un colectivo constitutivamente múltiple en una unidad imaginaria. Luego, en una segunda instancia y para no quedar encerrado en la cultura web, encontré una manera de seguir a las y los activistas por la aldea global y de acceder a algunos de los eventos que organizaron. Con el material depositado en la web, las marcas de la presencia de los y las militantes en santuarios globales, las coproducciones y alianzas con las redes ecologistas y de derechos humanos, y mis propios registros de campo, conformé una constelación de puntos de apoyo para dar cuenta de la articulación entre lo global y lo local, con la especificidad que ésta ha asumido en la construcción de los y las activistas culturales.   Abstract Multisited ethnography, digital ethnography: reflextions about the extensions of fielworkd and reflexivity In this work I develop a reflection on the idea of Multisited Ethnography proposed by George Marcus and I suggest extending it to the digital world. Research is based on a field experience conducted between 2003 and 2008 in order to understand the modalities of identity politics of Mapuche activists in Argentina and Chile. The first step in the research was to find in the internet the enunciation of Mapuche identity politics, analyze and interpret texts , images and sound. I identified the media practices and participated as part of the audience, I also witnessed the articulation of a collective group in an imaginary unity. Later on, I found a way to follow the activists in the global community and access some events organized by them. With the material found on the web, the marks of the militants´ presence in global sanctuaries, co-productions and alliances with ecological and human rights networks and my own field records I formed a constellation of support points to account for the articulation between the global and the local with the specificity it has achieved in the construction of the cultural activists. Keywords: multi-site ethnography, digital ethnography, research design

Etnografía multisituada, etnografía digital: reflexiones acerca de la extensión del campo y la reflexividad

En este trabajo desarrollo una reflexión en torno a la idea de Etnografía Multisituada propuesta por George Marcus y planteo su extensión al mundo digital sobre la base de una experiencia de campo realizada entre 2003 y 2008 para comprender las modalidades de hacer política de identidad de activistas Mapuche en la Argentina y en Chile. El primer paso de la investigación fue reconocer en Internet un lugar de enunciación de las políticas de identidad Mapuche, y analizar e interpretar ese corpus de texto, imagen y sonido. Identifiqué en esa instancia las prácticas mediáticas y participé como audiencia, testigo de la articulación de un colectivo constitutivamente múltiple en una unidad imaginaria. Luego, en una segunda instancia y para no quedar encerrado en la cultura web, encontré una manera de seguir a las y los activistas por la aldea global y de acceder a algunos de los eventos que organizaron. Con el material depositado en la web, las marcas de la presencia de los y las militantes en santuarios globales, las coproducciones y alianzas con las redes ecologistas y de derechos humanos, y mis propios registros de campo, conformé una constelación de puntos de apoyo para dar cuenta de la articulación entre lo global y lo local, con la especificidad que ésta ha asumido en la construcción de los y las activistas culturales.   Abstract Multisited ethnography, digital ethnography: reflextions about the extensions of fielworkd and reflexivity In this work I develop a reflection on the idea of Multisited Ethnography proposed by George Marcus and I suggest extending it to the digital world. Research is based on a field experience conducted between 2003 and 2008 in order to understand the modalities of identity politics of Mapuche activists in Argentina and Chile. The first step in the research was to find in the internet the enunciation of Mapuche identity politics, analyze and interpret texts , images and sound. I identified the media practices and participated as part of the audience, I also witnessed the articulation of a collective group in an imaginary unity. Later on, I found a way to follow the activists in the global community and access some events organized by them. With the material found on the web, the marks of the militants´ presence in global sanctuaries, co-productions and alliances with ecological and human rights networks and my own field records I formed a constellation of support points to account for the articulation between the global and the local with the specificity it has achieved in the construction of the cultural activists. Keywords: multi-site ethnography, digital ethnography, research design In this work I develop a reflection on the idea of Multisited Ethnography proposed by George Marcus and I suggest extending it to the digital world. Research is based on a field experience conducted between 2003 and 2008 in order to understand the modalities of identity politics of Mapuche activists in Argentina and Chile. The first step in the research was to find in the internet the enunciation of Mapuche identity politics, analyze and interpret texts , images and sound. I identified the media practices and participated as part of the audience, I also witnessed the articulation of a collective group in an imaginary unity. Later on, I found a way to follow the activists in the global community and access some events organized by them. With the material found on the web, the marks of the militants´ presence in global sanctuaries, co-productions and alliances with ecological and human rights networks and my own field records I formed a constellation of support points to account for the articulation between the global and the local with the specificity it has achieved in the construction of the cultural activists.  En este trabajo desarrollo una reflexión en torno a la idea de Etnografía Multisituada propuesta por George Marcus y planteo su extensión al mundo digital sobre la base de una experiencia de campo realizada entre 2003 y 2008 para comprender las modalidades de hacer política de identidad de activistas Mapuche en la Argentina y en Chile. El primer paso de la investigación fue reconocer en Internet un lugar de enunciación de las políticas de identidad Mapuche, y analizar e interpretar ese corpus de texto, imagen y sonido. Identifiqué en esa instancia las prácticas mediáticas y participé como audiencia, testigo de la articulación de un colectivo constitutivamente múltiple en una unidad imaginaria. Luego, en una segunda instancia y para no quedar encerrado en la cultura web, encontré una manera de seguir a las y los activistas por la aldea global y de acceder a algunos de los eventos que organizaron. Con el material depositado en la web, las marcas de la presencia de los y las militantes en santuarios globales, las coproducciones y alianzas con las redes ecologistas y de derechos humanos, y mis propios registros de campo, conformé una constelación de puntos de apoyo para dar cuenta de la articulación entre lo global y lo local, con la especificidad que ésta ha asumido en la construcción de los y las activistas culturales.   Abstract Multisited ethnography, digital ethnography: reflextions about the extensions of fielworkd and reflexivity In this work I develop a reflection on the idea of Multisited Ethnography proposed by George Marcus and I suggest extending it to the digital world. Research is based on a field experience conducted between 2003 and 2008 in order to understand the modalities of identity politics of Mapuche activists in Argentina and Chile. The first step in the research was to find in the internet the enunciation of Mapuche identity politics, analyze and interpret texts , images and sound. I identified the media practices and participated as part of the audience, I also witnessed the articulation of a collective group in an imaginary unity. Later on, I found a way to follow the activists in the global community and access some events organized by them. With the material found on the web, the marks of the militants´ presence in global sanctuaries, co-productions and alliances with ecological and human rights networks and my own field records I formed a constellation of support points to account for the articulation between the global and the local with the specificity it has achieved in the construction of the cultural activists. Keywords: multi-site ethnography, digital ethnography, research design

La política por otros medios, los digitales : Reseña del libro “Redes Sociales, televisión y elecciones argentinas. La mediatización en la “era K””

Este libro realiza un fascinante y exhaustivo análisis de aspectos clave de los cambios y continuidades en la ecología mediática argentina en los últimos 20 años. Identifica dos focos de observación, la televisión y las principales redes sociales, se concentra en los períodos de elecciones entre 2009 y 2011 y reconstruye las puestas en pantalla de dirigentes políticos y candidatos en esos diversos dispositivos mediáticos.Instituto de Investigaciones en Comunicació

Movimientos sociales, políticas de identidad e Internet: una aproximación etnográfica al activismo Mapuche

Esta tesis es fruto de una profunda reflexión teórica a partir de un detallado análisis empírico sobre el activismo de las organizaciones Mapuche en la red, a través de los medios de comunicación y en el territorio. Concretamente, la investigación se basa en una descripción etnográfica de la presencia de las organizaciones Mapuche en la red y cómo el ciberactivismo se combina con otras formas de actuación y estrategias de comunicación. En este sentido, se intenta una contribución significativa al estudio de los movimientos sociales, en concreto, al estudio del activismo político vinculado a las reivindicaciones étnicas y nacionales de los pueblos originarios en América Latina en el actual escenario político mundial, y más específicamente, el caso de las organizaciones Mapuche y su utilización de Internet como esfera de actuación.Aquesta tesi és fruit d'una profunda reflexió teòrica a partir d'una anàlisi empírica detallada sobre l'activisme de les organitzacions Mapuche a la xarxa a través dels mitjans de comunicació i en el territori. Concretament, la investigació es basa en una descripció etnogràfica de la presència de les organitzacions Mapuche a la xarxa i com es combina el ciberactivisme amb altres formes d'actuació i estratègies de comunicació. En aquest sentit, s'intenta una contribució significativa a l'estudi dels moviments socials, en concret, a l'estudi de l'activisme polític vinculat a les reivindicacions ètniques i nacionals dels pobles originaris a Amèrica Llatina en l'actual escenari polític mundial, i més específicament, el cas de les organitzacions Maputxe i la seva utilització d'Internet com a esfera d'actuació.This thesis is the result of a profound theoretical reflection from a detailed empirical analysis activism Mapuche organizations in the network, on the network, through the media and in the territory. Specifically, the research is based on an ethnographic description of the Mapuche’s organizations presence in the network and how the cyber combined with other forms of action and communication strategies. In this sense, we try to make a significant contribution to the social movement’s studies, in particular, to the study of political activism linked to ethnic and national claims of indigenous peoples in Latin America in the current world political stage, and more specifically, the Mapuche organizations and their Internet use as a political sphere.Societat de la informació i el coneixemen

Identification of grape cultivars by seed image analysis

Background and Aims The Sardinian wine heritage consists of 151 cultivars; however, because of the different dialects within the same region, many of these cultivars can be considered as false attributions (synonyms/homonyms). The aim of this study was to use seed morpho-colorimetric features to discriminate among the grapevine cultivars and identify synonymy groups. Methods and Results Over two seasons, 230 grapevine accessions belonging to 115 Sardinian native cultivars (54 black berries and 61 white berries) were collected. Seed images were acquired and analysed. Thirty-three morpho-colorimetric attributes and 80 elliptic Fourier descriptors were assessed. The data were analysed by applying linear discriminant analysis to implement statistical classifiers able to identify the landraces. Fourteen black berry synonymy groups and eight independent cultivars, and 15 white berry synonymy groups and nine independent cultivars, were identified. Conclusions These results confirmed the synonymy groups previously proposed and improved some of them with other local cultivars. Significance of the Study Despite different historical and cultural consumption purposes, some cultivars belong to the same synonymy groups, causing apparent incongruence. Nevertheless, the results are consistent with the geographical distribution of the cultivars and with the historical and cultural knowledge in Sardinia

El juego accede al primer plano

El propósito de este artículo es efectuar una reflexión acerca de cómo reconocer y leer las prácticas y comportamientos de los sectores populares urbanos.Retomando autores diversos que han ahondado en la problemática, y apoyando muchas de nuestras interpretaciones en las elaboraciones de Pierre Bourdieu, buscamos reelaborar los resultados de nuestras propias observaciones provenientes de estudios enclavados en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.Se intenta develar y revelar el “juego” que los sectores populares desenvuelven en sus intercambios cotidianos

Seed image analysis and taxonomy of Diplotaxis DC. (Brassicaceae, Brassiceae)

The genus Diplotaxis, comprising 32 or 34 species, plus several additional infraspecific taxa, displays a considerable degree of heterogeneity in the morphology, molecular markers, chromosome numbers and geographical amplitude of the species. The taxonomic relationships within the genus Diplotaxis were investigated by phenetic characterisation of germplasm belonging to 27 taxa of the genus, because there is an increasing interest in Diplotaxis, since some of its species (D. tenuifolia, D. muralis) are gathered or cultivated for human consumption, whereas others are frequent arable weeds (D. erucoides) in many European vineyards. Using a computer-aided vision system, 33 morpho-colorimetric features of seeds were electronically measured. The data were used to implement a statistical classifier, which is able to discriminate the taxa within the genus Diplotaxis, in order to compare the resulting species grouping with the current infrageneric systematics of this genus. Despite the high heterogeneity of the samples, due to the great intra-population variability, the stepwise Linear Discriminant Analysis method, applied to distinguish the groups, was able to reach over 80% correct identification. The results obtained allowed us to confirm the current taxonomic position of most taxa and suggested the taxonomic position of others for reconsideration

Predictive method for correct identification of archaeological charred grape seeds: Support for advances in knowledge of grape domestication process

The identification of archaeological charred grape seeds is a difficult task due to the alteration of the morphological seeds shape. In archaeobotanical studies, for the correct discrimination between Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris and Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera grape seeds it is very important to understand the history and origin of the domesticated grapevine. In this work, different carbonisation experiments were carried out using a hearth to reproduce the same burning conditions that occurred in archaeological contexts. In addition, several carbonisation trials on modern wild and cultivated grape seeds were performed using a muffle furnace. For comparison with archaeological materials, modern grape seed samples were obtained using seven different temperatures of carbonisation ranging between 180 and 340°C for 120 min. Analysing the grape seed size and shape by computer vision techniques, and applying the stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method, discrimination of the wild from the cultivated charred grape seeds was possible. An overall correct classification of 93.3% was achieved. Applying the same statistical procedure to compare modern charred with archaeological grape seeds, found in Sardinia and dating back to the Early Bronze Age (2017-1751 2σ cal. BC), allowed 75.0% of the cases to be identified as wild grape. The proposed method proved to be a useful and effective procedure in identifying, with high accuracy, the charred grape seeds found in archaeological sites. Moreover, it may be considered valid support for advances in the knowledge and comprehension of viticulture adoption and the grape domestication process. The same methodology may also be successful when applied to other plant remains, and provide important information about the history of domesticated plant